Hajj rituals include Tawaf (circumambulation) around the Kaaba, standing at Arafat, symbolic stoning of the devil, and sacrificing an animal. Umrah rituals involve Tawaf, Sa'i (walking between Safa and Marwah), and trimming or shaving the hair.

Umrah can be performed at any time of the year, but the month of Ramadan holds special significance. Many Muslims also choose to perform Umrah during the Hajj season.

Commonly required documents include a valid passport, a visa for entry into Saudi Arabia, proof of vaccination, and documents demonstrating financial capability. Specific requirements may vary, so it's essential to check with the relevant authorities.

Accommodations can be booked through authorized travel agencies that specialize in Hajj and Umrah services. It's advisable to book well in advance, especially during peak pilgrimage seasons.

Essentials include Ihram (special clothing for pilgrimage), comfortable footwear, toiletries, medications, a small backpack, and travel-sized prayer items. It's crucial to pack light and adhere to the guidelines provided by your travel agency.

Yes, it is permissible to perform Umrah on behalf of someone else, a practice known as "Umrah al-Niyah." This is often done for deceased relatives or those physically incapable of performing it themselves.